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Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for cancer treatment that blocks the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) and PDGFR (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor) and the RAF serine/threonine kinases along the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
Sorafenib treatment induces autophagy, which may suppress tumor growth. However, autophagy can also cause drug resistance.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK*) Signalling Plays a Key Role in Governing Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Survival2MAPK signalling is transmitted along the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway† as follows:
ERK expression in HCC is associated with5
Sorafenib treatment induces autophagy, which may suppress tumor growth. However, autophagy can also cause drug resistance.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK*) Signalling Plays a Key Role in Governing Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Survival2MAPK signalling is transmitted along the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway† as follows:
- Activation of the small G protein RAS recruits of RAF1 to the inner surface of the cell membrane3
- RAF1 phosphorylates MEK3
- MEK phosphorylates and activates ERK downstream3
- Activated ERK translocates to the cell nucleus and regulates gene expression by interacting with various transcription factors4
ERK expression in HCC is associated with5
- Increased tumour size
- Histologic progression
- Intrahepatic metastasis
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